![]() ![]() CHRONOLOGY 1727Ĭatherine I orders all Jews expelled from Russia, although to what extent the order is implemented is unclear (Baron 1964, 12-13 Dubnow 1916, Vol. Such episodes appear to be more likely during periods of political and economic turmoil and, according to one interpretation, when nationalist organizations are political allies of government (ibid., 6). Popular or "grassroots" anti-Semitism has also shaped the history of Russian/Soviet Jewry, at times erupting into violent pogroms. At the same time, because the leaders were usually unclear as to their intentions for the country's Jews, legislation was often inconsistent from regime to regime, and even during the same administration. This policy was echoed in Catherine II's creation of the Jewish Pale in the 1790s and, later, Stalin's efforts at population control. In the late 15th century, for example, Tsar Ivan IV, "the Terrible" (1533-84), imposed a series of residential restrictions on the Jewish population (Basok and Benifand 1993, 11). Successive "Jewish policies" were influenced by a number of factors including general religious and nationalities policies, external considerations and the personal traits of the leaders of the time. Soviet Russian word for council INTRODUCTIONĪs detailed in the following chronology, throughout Russian and Soviet history the Jewish population was the subject of official policies of isolation, control or forced assimilation. RSFSR Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic Refusenik an individual who has applied to emigrate but has been refused Pogrom of Russian origin, meaning "devastation" or "riot" although it is most often associated with anti-Jewish violence, it in fact applies to mob attacks against the person or property of any religious, racial or national minority ![]() PAMYAT "Memory" - a nationalist group espousing anti-Semitic views which gained popularity in the late 1980s ![]() OZET the Society for the Agricultural Organization of Working Class Jews in the USSR, established in 1925 KOMZET the Commission for the Settlement of Jewish Toilers on the Land, established in 1924 Glasnost policy of 'openness' initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power in March 1985 Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Research Directorate, Immigration and REfugee Board, CanadaĬanada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Chronology of Events: 1727 - 1 January 1992, 1 November 1994, available at: Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada ![]()
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